Transmembrane signalling in eukaryotes: a comparison between higher and lower eukaryotes

Centromeres from lower eukaryotes

Introduction Most eukaryotic chromosomes contain a specialized domain — the centromere — that mediates critical mitotic and meiotic functions, including kinetochore nucleation, spindle attachment, and sister chromatid cohesion. These processes ensure faithful chromosome partitioning during cell division. Intense scrutiny of the DNA and proteins that comprise the centromere revealed its fundamen...

CRM Finding in Higher Eukaryotes

DNA repair mutants in higher eukaryotes.

Over the past ten years or so, we have seen a proliferation of reports of new cell lines of various vertebrate species, showing hypersensitivity to killing by DNA damaging agents. Regrettably, but predictably, there is no standard terminology to describe the mutants, and as a result the literature is liberally scattered with fragments of individualistic nomenclature. There is no way of imposing...

Calcineurin-Crz1 signaling in lower eukaryotes.

Calcium ions are ubiquitous intracellular messengers. An increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration activates many proteins, including calmodulin and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. The phosphatase is conserved from yeast to humans (except in plants), and many target proteins of calcineurin have been identified. The most prominent and best-investigated targe...

DNA topology and genome organization in higher eukaryotes: a model.